Overview
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections in any part of the urinary system – kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most involve the lower urinary tract including the bladder and urethra. Serious consequences can occur if a UTI spreads to your kidneys. The different UTIs include:
- Acute pyelonephritis (kidneys)
- Cystitis (bladder)
- Urethritis (urethra)
Symptoms
Urinary tract infections don’t always cause signs and symptoms, but when they do, they may include:
- A strong, persistent urge to urinate
- A burning sensation when urinating
- Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
- Urine that appears cloudy
- Urine that appears red, bright pink or dark brown
- Strong-smelling urine
- Pelvic pain in women
Risk Factors
UTIs are common in women, and many women experience more than one infection during their lifetime. Female-specific risk factors include:
- Female anatomy – women have shorter urethras
- Sexual activity
- Certain types of birth control
- Menopause
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
Other risk factors include:
- Urinary tract abnormalities
- Blockages in the urinary tract
- A suppressed immune system
- Catheter use
- A recent urinary procedure